HP Smart Zero Client, a first impression

In the end of 2011 Hewlett-Packard introduced a range of zero clients and described them as “the affordable, reprogrammable and to-smart-to-be-called-a-zero-client, clients”. The clients come in two forms; HP Zero Clients, which are unmanaged, and the HP Smart Zero Clients. which are managed. An overview of the available products can be found on the HP website (link).

I had the opportunity to get some hands-on-experience with a HP t510 (a HP Smart Zero Client) and the HP Automatic Update Server software.

HP t510

The HP t510 Flexible Thin Client is an affordable ($ 259.00, US HP price) thin client with a duo-core VIA Eden 1Ghz processor, 2GB memory, Via ChromotionHD 2.0 graphics adapter, gigabit LAN and optional 802.11/a/b/g/n WiFi adapter.

Besides the HP Smart Zero operating system the device is also capable of running Windows® Embedded 2009, Windows® Embedded 7 or HP ThinPro (Linux).

The device boots in 22 seconds (and shuts down in 2 seconds) giving the user a good experience. After the operating system is booted a  pre-configured system is displayed allowing the user to connect to any of  the following environments:

• Citrix XenApp
• Microsoft RDP
• VMware View

The device is marked as “HDX Ready” and is capable of HDX MediaStream 1280*720 Quality Windows Media AND Flash Redirection. Details about the Citrix HDX Ready specifications and compatibility can be found here. The “Zero Client : No” remark on the Citrix site is interesting, the definition of a zero client appears to be flexible. More about the HP Smart Client being a zero client-or-not can be read in this article by Gabe Knuth.

The user has the possibility to configure the device according his preferences, allowing it to configure the mouse, keyboard, screen, language, regional settings and of course the connection settings.

Overall the HP Smart Zero operating system looks very good, its intuitive and well designed. Being “HDX Ready” and capable of client-side rendering of multimedia content makes it an interesting thin client. The out-of-the-box experience (OOBE) is very good and is similar to what the unmanaged HP Zero Clients can expect.

Smart Client

The HP Zero clients can be managed with Smart Client Service, a service that can be installed on a Windows operating system.

In the HP Smart Zero operating system a user can click the information icon to see the status of the Smart Client Service. Out-of-the-box the Smart Client Service is not configured, clearly visible by the Exclamation mark in “About this client”. After configuring the service this will change to a green checkmark. More information can be found in the system logs.

HP Smart Client Service (HP Automatic Update Server)

The HP Smart Client is designed to detect its update server automatically and to configure itself
automatically on first boot. This greatly simplifies device installation and maintenance. Refer to the
following diagram to see how the device communicates with the server to receive its profile and client
kits.

Source: HP Smart Client Service – Administrators Guide

Installation

Before the HP Automatic Update Server can be installed you need to install the following prerequisites:

• Internet Information Service (IIS)
• .NET Framework 3.5 (this can done via the installer)

The installation itself is pretty straightforward, the most important choice to make is the connection type that suits your needs. This connection type is provided by default to the clients, but it can be changed afterwards.

Since my customer has a 2X environment (…) I configured the Microsoft RDP connection type.

Installed components

After the installation has completed successfully the following components are installed:

• HP Broadcast Server
• IIS Website “HP Automatic Update”
• Profile Editor

HP Broadcast Server

After a Smart Client has booted it will search for a server that can provide him with updates. If this isn’t configured via DHCP (described below) a broadcast packet [1] is send over the network. Because a broadcast packet is used this will only work if the client is on the same subnet as the service (an IP helper might solve this).

The Broadcast Server is a Windows NT service (started automatically) listens on UDP port 18286. An exclusion in the Windows Firewall is made by the installation. The port on which the service listens can be changed in the registry key HKLM\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\HP Broadcast Server\Port.

The Broadcast Server returns the address of the IIS website [2] to the Smart Client. The returned URL is specified in the registry key HKLM\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\HP Broadcast Server\ServerURL, by default this is set to https://<local machine IP>:18287/auto-update.

IIS Website “HP Automatic Update”

Both the configuration as the boot-image files (the operating system) are supplied via a IIS website. The Smart Client connects via HTTP or HTTPS [3] to the web application and searches for updated files [4]. By default the IIS Websites listens on TCP port 18287, this can be changed in the properties of the IIS website.

A web application with the name “auto-update” is mapped to %Installdir%\auto-update (by default %ProgramFiles%\Hewlett-Packard\HP Smart Client Service\auto-update), this is where both the configuration as the boot-image files are stored.

Profile Editor

To configure the Smart Client a profile editor is supplied, it can be found in the menu start (All Programs > Hewlett-Packard > HP Automatic Update Server > Profile Editor).

The Profile Editor a very basic configuration utility, it is more an XML parser that enables with some (basic) explanation. It is a big contrast with the flashy / well designed / intuitive / user friendly user-interface of the thin clients.

DNS/DHCP configuration

To provide the thin clients with the address of the HP Automatic Update Server it is recommended to use DHCP options (instead of a broadcast packet or manual configuration). Since DHCP is required to provide an IP address to the clients this is usually an convenient way of providing the configuration.

The address of the HP Automatic Update Server are provided in DHCP option 137 (string value) . The complete URL needs to be supplied (example : https://auto-update.domain.local:18287/auto-update).

If option 137 is not found in the DHCP lease the thin clients tries to resolve the hostname auto-update to an IP address via the DNS server. If a hostname can be resolve the Smart Client will try to retrieve the configuration from this address without the addition of the ‘auto-update’ folder, and will probably fail (404 errors are logged in the IIS W3C logfiles).  The client won’t send a broadcast packet!

Microsoft DHCP server

The following procedure explains how to do DHCP tagging in a Windows 2008 R2 Server.

1. In the left pane, select the Domain to which the thin clients are connected.
2. Right-click IPv4, and then select Set Predefined Options.
3. In the Predefined Options and Values dialog box, click Add.
4. In the Option Type dialog box
   • In the Name field, type auto-update.
   • Select String from the Data type menu.
   • Type 137 in the Code field.
   • Type HP Automatic Update in the Description field.
5. Verify that the information is correct and click OK.
6. In the Value section, type the update server address in the String field.
   • Example: https://auto-update.domain.com:18287/auto-update
7. Click OK to finish the setup.

Source: HP Smart Client Service – Administrators Guide

Linux DHCP server

If your using a linux server as your DHCP server you’re probable using dhcpd (DHCP daemon). You can add the auto-update option with the following lines in dhcpd.conf.

option autoupdate code 137 = string
option autoupdate https://auto-update.domain.com:18287/auto-update

Distributing client image / configuration

The most important job of the HP Automatic Update Server is distributing configurations (and maybe new client images). This is all done via the web traffic (HTTP or optionally HTTPS), pulled by the HP Smart Client from the HP Automatic Update Server.

The default installation location is %ProgramFiles%\Hewlett-Packard\HP Smart Client Service\auto-update. This folder contains a number of subfolders

• Custom –  Unknown
• Image – Client image files for all device types
• Packages – Additional packages for all device types
• PersistentProfile – Configuration for all device types
• t510 – Device specific (HP t510) images, packages and configurations
• t610 – Same as t510
• t5335z– Same as t510
• t5565z– Same as t510

Client image

As with any operating system the HP Smart Client is updated to enhance the product with new features and solve issues. Updating the (almost) zero client is very easy by placing the client image on the HP Automatic Update server.

If you want all devices to download the same client image the file needs to be placed in %Installdir%\auto-update\Image, if you want a specific device type (like the t510) to update with a client image you need to place the file in %Installdir%\auto-update\<devicetype>\Image. The device will detect the image during the auto-update (usually during boot) and update the operating system.

At the moment of writing this article the most recent image for the HP t510 is version Z6X41019 Rev.1. After expanding the downloaded file (sp56493.exe) you will have a file with the name Z6X41019.dd.gz, after placing this file in the Image folder the HP Smart Client will automatically replace the client image.

Configuration

With a Smart Client Zero and the HP Automatic Update Server you’re able to distribute the configuration of the thin client device. This configuration is “nothing more” than an XML (profile.xml) file that contains the settings for the device. Distributing this configuration is done in the same way as a client image file, but this time the files are placed in the PersistentProfile directory.

If you want all devices to download the same configuration the file needs to be placed in %Installdir%\auto-update\PersistenProfile, if you want a specific device type (like the t510) to update with a client image you need to place the file in %Installdir%\auto-update\<devicetype>\PersistentProfile. The device will detect the image during the auto-update (usually during boot) and update the operating system.

If you want to distribute a configuration to a singe client device (for testing purposes) you can create a subfolder MAC in the PersistentProfile folder and name the configuration file <MAC>.xml.

Conclusion

The HP Smart Zero Client is an attractive solution that gives a good user experience for a decent price. With the HP Automatic Update Server its easy to distributing client images and configurations, making the thin clients a zero client with a twitch.

The lack of device management, reporting and administrative roles is really a missed opportunity. Its because of those missing functionalities it’s not a management tool, an enterprise environment demands these functionalities.